5.20：“古代印度的语言与实在”系列讲座（3）
■ “古代印度的语言与实在”系列讲座（3）
一词多义、歧义与隐喻：伐致诃利及其回响
主讲人：雨果·大卫
时间：2022年5月20日19:00-21:00
窜翱翱惭线上会议
会议号: 834 1650 8601
■ 讲座摘要
语言（词、句、文）与实在（真实对象与思维对象）之间的关系（sambandha）是什么？自早期开始，这一问题便在古印度引起了激烈争论，并得到了印度哲学家们的种种回答。始于迦旃延那（碍ā迟测ā测补苍补）和波颠阇利（Pata?jali，公元前3或2世纪）的梵语语法传统总体上认为存在着一种“固定”或“恒常”的关系，是它将词语关联于其对象。但在公元后第一个千年间，这个观点受到了陈那（顿颈驳苍ā驳补，5世纪）和法称（顿丑补谤尘补办ī谤迟颈，6世纪）等佛教哲学家的挑战。他们持有一种约定主义的立场，认为语言与实在的关系完全是人造且随意的。
在本次讲座中，我会聚焦于伐致诃利（Bhart?hari）对这场争论的贡献，尤其是他在其作《文章单语篇》（痴ā办测补辫补诲ī测补）的第二品及自注（Svav?tti）中的想法。尽管伐致诃利是波你尼语法传统的严格追随者，但与早期语法传统不同的是：他接受了约定主义的观点，而这些观点在许多方面都预示了后来佛教哲学家们的主张。我试图证明，伐致诃利正是通过反思在多重意义上使用同一个词的语言现象——如一词多义、歧义及隐喻，才确立起该立场的。这也将引导我们进一步思考诗歌领域中对歧义的有意使用以及多重解读梵语传统文本的可能性。
■ 主讲人介绍
雨果·大卫是不二吠檀多派、弥曼差派吠陀阐释学及印度语言思想史的专家。他目前在法国远东学院从事研究工作，并担任本地治里法国文化学会印度学系的主任。其近期研究课题包括对伐致诃利《文章单语篇》第二品及其自注的集中研究、对摩西莫·跋吒在梵语诗学领域的开山之作《辩明论》的首次精校，以及古泰米尔语哲学学述体裁的历史研究。
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Lecture Series: Language and Reality in Ancient India (3)
Title: “Can a Word Signify in Morethan One Way? Polysemy, Ambiguity and Metaphor in Bhart?hari and a Few LaterSanskrit Authors”
Speaker: Hugo David (EFEO / IFP)
Time: Friday, 20th May, 2022
19:00–21:00(CST) /&苍产蝉辫;12:00–14:00(CET)
Online Platform: Zoom
Meeting ID: 834 1650 8601
■ Abstract
The question of the relation (sa?bandha) between language (words, sentences,texts) and reality (real objects, objects of thought) received varied answers from Indian philosophers, and triggered intense debates in ancient India froman early date. While the Sanskrit grammatical tradition, beginning with 碍ā迟测ā测补苍补 and Pata?jali (3rd / 2nd centuries BC), generally considers that words are connected to their objects by a relationwhich is said to be “fixed” or “eternal”, this view was challenged in the first millennium AD by Buddhist philosophers like 顿颈驳苍ā驳补 (5th c.) and 顿丑补谤尘补办ī谤迟颈 (6th c.), who hold a conventionalist position and consider that relation between language and reality is entirely man-made and arbitrary. In this lecture, I will concentrate on Bhart?hari’s contribution to this debate, especially in the second book of his 痴ā办测补辫补诲ī测补 and theauto-commentary (Svav?tti). Although a strict follower of the Pā?inian school of Sanskrit grammar, Bhart?hari distinguishes himself from the earliergrammatical tradition by adopting conventionalist views that announce, in many respects, those of later Buddhist philosophers. I shall argue that such aposition was suggested to Bhart?hari by reflections on linguistic phenomena pertaining to the use of a word in more than one sense, such a polysemy, ambiguity, and metaphor. This will lead us to further thoughts on deliberate uses of ambiguity in the poetic domain, and on the possibility of multiple interpretations of a text in the Sanskrit tradition.
■ Bio
Hugo David is aspecialist of Advaita-Vedānta, Vedic hermeneutics (Mīmā?sā) and the history of Indian linguistic thought. He is currently conducting research at the ?colefran?aise d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), and recently appointed as head of the Indology Deparment at the Institut Fran?ais de Pondichéry (IFP). His recent research projects include a focused study of the second book of Bhart?hari's痴ā办测补辫补诲ī测补(5th c.) with the auto-commentary, a first critical edition of the Vyaktiviveka, Mahima Bha??a's ground-breaking work in the field of Sanskrit poetics, and a historical study of the genre of philosophical doxography in old Tamil.